Certified Post Anesthesia Nurse (CPAN) Practice Exam

During postoperative assessment, which vital sign is most critical to monitor closely?

1. Heart rate

2. Blood pressure

3. Temperature

4. Respiratory rate

The correct answer is: Respiratory rate

Monitoring the respiratory rate closely during postoperative assessment is critical because it is an essential indicator of a patient's ability to breathe adequately after undergoing anesthesia and surgery. Anesthesia can depress the respiratory system, potentially leading to complications such as hypoventilation or respiratory failure. Changes in the respiratory rate can indicate early signs of distress, such as hypoxia or airway obstruction, which require immediate intervention. In the postoperative period, patients may have residual effects from sedation and muscle relaxants, making respiratory monitoring paramount. A decreased respiratory rate may suggest inadequate ventilation, which can lead to a buildup of carbon dioxide in the body, a condition known as hypercapnia, or result in decreased oxygenation. While heart rate, blood pressure, and temperature are also important to assess and can provide valuable information concerning the patient's status, they are generally more stable compared to respiratory function shortly after surgery. The respiratory rate can fluctuate more dramatically and is pivotal in ensuring the patient's airway is clear and that they are adequately oxygenated.